Für uns ist es ganz einfach ein Paar neue Jeans zu kaufen. Hinein ins Geschäft, eine aussuchen, vielleicht noch auf den Preis achten, manchmal spielt das Label noch eine Rolle, bezahlen, raus aus dem Geschäft. Schon ist man im Besitz einer Hose. Aber hat sich jemals jemand gefragt, wo diese Hose her kommt? Wohl nur wenige.
Gerade hier in Australien fiel mir auf, egal welches Kleidungsstück man kauft und von welcher Marke es ist, es wurde in China hergestellt. Die Nähe zu China scheint eine logische Erklärung zu sein. Natürlich. Doch sicherlich auch die extrem preiswerte Herstellung und die damit verbundene Gewinnspanne.
Wie ich darauf komme? Nun, vor wenigen Minuten endete eine Dokumentation auf SBS, über Arbeiterinnen in der chinesischen Lifeng Factory im Süden Chinas. Unzählige Fabriken dieser Art sind in dieser Gegend angesiedelt. In der Lifeng Factory, von der berichtet wurde, werden Jeans hergestellt. Jeans für Labels wie Levis, Gucci und Prada, aber auch Jeans für Ketten wie Wal Mart. Meist sind es junge Frauen, die hier arbeiten, stolz ihre Familien zu Hause finanziell unterstützen zu können. Die meisten der Frauen beginnen im Alter von 14 Jahren hier zu arbeiten, nicht selten mit gefälschten IDs und falschen Hoffnungen.
Die Arbeitszeiten sind selten weniger als 20 Stunden, die Bezahlung sehr gering. Der erste Lohn eines Arbeitnehmers wird meist als Pfand einbehalten und erst gar nicht ausgezahlt. So verhindert man, dass die Arbeiterinnen zu früh die Fabrik verlassen. Doch dieser erste Lohn wird meist nie ausgezahlt.
Die Arbeiterinnen wohnen zu zwölft in Räumlichkeiten der Fabrik. Essen und Unterkunft wird ihnen vom Lohn abgezogen. Wer hier krank wird, verliert zwangsläufig seinen Job und wird durch jemand anderen ersetzt. Es ist nicht selten, dass die Fabrik ihre Arbeitnehmer mit den Lohnzahlungen hinhält. Oft auch monatelang, bis sich herausstellt, dass die Fabrik schließen muss und keine Lohnzahlungen stattfinden.
Das Arbeiten und Leben in einer solchen Fabrik ist sehr hart und die Ernüchterung tritt schnell ein. Freizeit und ausschlafen ist hier ein Fremdwort. Fehlen Aufträge wird die Bezahlung eingestellt.
Diese Fabriken werden von ihren Auftraggebern auch tatsächlich hin und wieder überprüft. Doch was sie nicht wissen, oder nicht wissen wollen, ist die Tatsache, dass die Arbeiterinnen vorher gebrieft werden, was sie über die Arbeitsbedingungen zu sagen haben. Und niemand sagt etwas aus Angst den Job zu verlieren, oder aus Angst vor Restriktionen. Gewerkschaften und Arbeitnehmervereinigungen sind in China verboten. Eine Zuwiderhandlung wird schwer bestraft.
Und nicht dass man denkt, es sind nur wenige Länder die hier produzieren lassen. Nein es betrifft die gesamte westliche Welt. What a shame!
Doch was dagegen tun. In China produzierte Ware boykottieren? Ich denke nicht, dass dies des Rätsels Lösung ist. Doch was ist die Lösung? Vielleicht liegt es in diesem Fall nicht nur beim Endkonsumenten den ersten Schritt zu machen. Vielleicht ist es in diesem Fall an den Regierungen der westlichen Länder ihre eigenen Steuergesetze und Konditionen für im Inland produzierende Firmen zu subventionieren. Vielleicht wäre dies ein Anfang. Doch vielleicht ist es auch schon ein Anfang mit diesem Blog auf das Thema hinzuweisen und den einen oder anderen darauf aufmerksam zu machen und zum Nachdenken zu bringen.
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